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Hōʻike i kahi carousel o ʻekolu paheʻe i ka manawa hoʻokahi.E hoʻohana i nā pihi Mua a me Next no ka neʻe ʻana i ʻekolu paheʻe i ka manawa, a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā pihi paheʻe ma ka hopena e neʻe i ʻekolu mau paheʻe i ka manawa.
ʻO ka hoʻopili laser pololei (DLIP) i hui pū me ka laser-induced periodic surface structure (LIPSS) hiki ke hana i nā papa hana no nā mea like ʻole.Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka throughput o ke kaʻina hana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana laser kiʻekiʻe.Eia nō naʻe, alakaʻi kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wela, kahi e pili ai i ka ʻala a me ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka ʻili.No laila, pono e aʻo kikoʻī i ka hopena o ka mahana substrate ma ka morphology o nā mea i hana ʻia.Ma kēia haʻawina, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻili kila me ka ps-DLIP ma 532 nm.No ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hopena o ka wela o ka substrate i ka topography i loaʻa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi pā wela e hoʻomalu i ka mahana.ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana i 250 \(^{\circ }\)С ua alakaʻi i kahi emi nui o ka hohonu o nā hale i kūkulu ʻia mai 2.33 a i 1.06 µm.Hoʻopili ʻia ka emi ʻana me ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o LIPSS e pili ana i ka orientation o nā kīʻaha substrate a me ka laser-induced surface oxidation.Hōʻike kēia haʻawina i ka hopena ikaika o ka mahana substrate, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ke hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili ma ka mana laser kiʻekiʻe e hana i nā hopena hōʻiliʻili wela.
ʻO nā ʻano hana lapaʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ultrashort pulse laser irradiation aia ma ke alo o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻoihana ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai o ka ʻili o nā mea pono nui loa1.ʻO ka mea kūikawā, ʻo ka hana maʻamau maʻamau i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka laser he kūlana kiʻekiʻe ma waena o kahi ākea o nā ʻāpana ʻoihana a me nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi1,2,3.No ka laʻana, ʻo Vercillo et al.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā waiwai anti-icing ma nā alloys titanium no nā noi aerospace e pili ana i ka superhydrophobicity laser-induced.Ua hōʻike ʻo Epperlein et al i nā hiʻohiʻona nanosized i hana ʻia e ka laser surface structuring hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka ulu biofilm a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i nā specimens kila5.Eia kekahi, ʻo Guai et al.Ua hoʻomaikaʻi pū ʻia i nā waiwai optical o nā cell solar organik.6 No laila, ʻae ka hoʻolālā laser i ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe ma o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mea ili1.
ʻO kahi ʻano hana hoʻolālā laser kūpono no ka hana ʻana i kēlā mau ʻano o ka ʻili i kēlā me kēia manawa ʻo ia ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka laser interference shaping (DLIP).Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo DLIP ma ka hoʻopili kokoke i ka ʻili o nā kukuna laser ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha e hana i nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā hiʻohiʻona i ka laulā micrometer a nanometer.Ma muli o ka helu a me ka polarization o nā kukuna laser, hiki i ka DLIP ke hoʻolālā a hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano o ka ʻili topographic.ʻO kahi ala hoʻohiki ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hale DLIP me ka laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) e hana i kahi topography surface me kahi hierarchy structural complex8,9,10,11,12.Ma ke ʻano, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia mau hierarchies e hāʻawi i ka hana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kumu hoʻohālike hoʻokahi.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana LIPSS i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻonui iā ia iho (manaʻo maikaʻi) e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka modulation kokoke i ka ʻili o ka puʻupuʻu ikaika o ka radiation.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka nanoroughness e like me ka nui o nā pulses laser i hoʻopili ʻia e hoʻonui i ka 14, 15, 16. Hoʻololi ʻia ka modulation ma muli o ke keakea ʻana o ka nalu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me ke kahua electromagnetic15,17,18,19,20,21 o refracted a ʻāpana hawewe hoʻopuehu a i ʻole nā plasmons ili.Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o LIPSS e ka manawa o nā pulses22,23.ʻO ka mea kūikawā, he mea nui ka mana laser kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe.Pono kēia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā helu hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka laulā MHz.No laila, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka manawa ma waena o nā pulse laser, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena hōʻiliʻili wela 23, 24, 25, 26. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia hopena i ka piʻi holoʻokoʻa o ka wela o ka ʻili, hiki ke hoʻopili nui i ka mīkini patterning i ka wā ablation laser.
Ma kahi hana mua, ʻo Rudenko et al.a me Tzibidis et al.Kūkākūkā ʻia kahi ʻano hana no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā hale convective, pono e lilo i mea nui i ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela19,27.Eia kekahi, ʻo Bauer et al.Hoʻopili i ka nui koʻikoʻi o ka hōʻiliʻili wela me nā hale micron.ʻOiai ʻo kēia kaʻina hana hoʻomohala i hoʻoulu ʻia me ka thermally, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka huahana o ke kaʻina hana ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu hou28.ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia me ka ʻole o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka mālama wela.No laila, ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia nā hoʻolālā kaʻina e hāʻawi ana i ka topology multilevel i nā helu hoʻopiʻi kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana kinetics a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hale9,12.Ma kēia mea, he mea nui e noiʻi i ka hopena o ka wela o ka substrate i ke kaʻina hana DLIP, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona papa ma muli o ka hoʻokumu like ʻana o LIPSS.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ʻo ia ka loiloi i ka hopena o ka wela substrate ma ka topography ili i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hana DLIP o ke kila kila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pulses ps.I ka wā o ka hana ʻana i ka laser, ua lawe ʻia ka mahana o ka substrate hāpana i 250 \(^\circ\)C me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pā wela.Ua ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hana ʻili i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka microscopy confocal, scanning electron microscopy, a me ka ikehu-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
Ma ka moʻo mua o nā hoʻokolohua, ua hana ʻia ka substrate kila me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi hoʻonohonoho DLIP ʻelua-beam me kahi manawa spatial o 4.5 µm a me kahi mahana substrate o \(T_{\mathrm {s}}\) 21 \(^{\circ }\)C, i kapa 'ia ma keia hope aku he 'ili i wela ole.I kēia hihia, ʻo ka pulupulu overlap \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\) ʻo ia ka mamao ma waena o nā puʻupuʻu ʻelua ma ke ʻano he hana o ka nui kiko.Hoʻololi ia mai ka 99.0% (100 pulses ma ke kūlana) a i ka 99.67% (300 pulses ma ke kūlana).Ma nā hihia a pau, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi mānoanoa o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe \(\Phi _\mathrm {p}\) = 0.5 J/cm\(^2\) (no ka like Gaussian me ka hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia) a ua hoʻohana ʻia ke alapine repetition f = 200 kHz.ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka polarization o ka kukuna laser ua like ia me ka neʻe ʻana o ka papa hoʻonohonoho (Fig. 1a)), ʻo ia ka mea like me ke kuhikuhi o ka geometry linear i hana ʻia e ke kumu hoʻohālikelike ʻelua-beam.Hōʻike ʻia nā kiʻi ʻelele o nā hale i loaʻa me ka scanning electron microscope (SEM) ma Fig.1a–c.No ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka nānā ʻana o nā kiʻi SEM ma ke ʻano o ka topography, ua hana ʻia ʻo Fourier transforms (FFTs, i hōʻike ʻia i loko o nā insets ʻeleʻele) ma nā hale i loiloi ʻia.I nā hihia a pau, ʻike ʻia ka geometry DLIP me ka manawa spatial o 4.5 µm.
No ka hihia \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\) = 99.0% ma kahi ʻeleʻele o Fig.1a, e pili ana i ke kūlana o ka palena kiʻekiʻe, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i nā ʻauwaʻa i loaʻa nā hale liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.Hoʻololi lākou me nā kaula ʻālohilohi i uhi ʻia i kahi topography like me nanoparticle.No ka mea, ʻo ka ʻano like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻāwīwī e ʻike ʻia e pili pono ana i ka polarization o ka kukuna laser a he manawa o \(\Lambda _{\mathrm {LSFL-I}}\) 418\(\pm 65\) nm, iki. hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo LIPSS me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa spatial frequency (LSFL-I) 15,18 ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka nalu o ka laser \(\lambda\) (532 nm).Hoʻopuka ʻo LSFL-I i kahi hōʻailona s-type i ka FFT, "s" scattering15,20.No laila, kū pololei ka hōʻailona i ka mea kūwaena kūpaʻa ikaika, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea i hana ʻia e ka hoʻolālā DLIP (\(\Lambda _{\mathrm {DLIP}}\) \(\approx\) 4.5 µm).ʻO ka hōʻailona i hana ʻia e ka laina laina o ke ʻano DLIP ma ke kiʻi FFT i kapa ʻia ʻo "DLIP-type".
Nā kiʻi SEM o nā hale i hana ʻia me DLIP.ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe ʻo \(\Phi _\mathrm {p}\) = 0.5 J/cm\(^2\) (no ka like Gaussian noise) a me ka helu hana hou f = 200 kHz.Hōʻike nā kiʻi i ka mahana hāpana, polarization a me ka uhi.Hōʻailona ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka pae localization me kahi pua ʻeleʻele ma (a).Hōʻike ka hoʻokomo ʻeleʻele i ka FFT pili i loaʻa mai ka 37.25\(\times\)37.25 µm kiʻi SEM (hōʻike ʻia a hiki i ka lilo ʻana o ka hawewe nalu i \(\vec {k}\cdot (2\pi)^ {-1}\) = 200 nm).Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana kaʻina hana i kēlā me kēia kiʻi.
Ke nānā hou aʻe i ka Kiʻi 1, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka piʻi ʻana o ka \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\) i ka piʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hōʻailona sigmoid i ka axis-x o ka FFT.ʻO ke koena o LSFL-I ke ʻano like.Eia hou, ua emi ka ikaika pili o ka hōʻailona s-type a ua hoʻonui ka ikaika o ka hōʻailona DLIP-type.ʻO kēia ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā ʻauwaha me ka ʻoi aku o ka overlap.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hōʻailona x-axis ma waena o ke ʻano s a me ke kikowaena pono e hele mai i kahi hale me ke ʻano like me LSFL-I akā me kahi manawa lōʻihi (\(\Lambda _\mathrm {b}\) \(\approx \ ) 1.4 ± 0.2 µm) e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 1c).No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo kā lākou hoʻokumu ʻana he ʻano lua ia i waenakonu o ka ʻauwaha.Hōʻike ʻia ka hiʻohiʻona hou i ka laulā kiʻekiʻe (nui hawewe nui) o ka ordinate.Hiki mai ka hōʻailona mai nā nalu like ʻole ma nā pali o ka auwaha, ma muli paha o ka keakea ʻana o ka hanana a me ke kukui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i mua ma nā pali9,14.Ma lalo iho nei, hōʻike ʻia kēia mau ripples e LSFL \ (_ \ mathrm {edge} \), a me kā lākou mau hōʻailona - ma ke ʻano -s \ (_ {\mathrm {p)) \).
I ka hoʻokolohua aʻe, ua lawe ʻia ka mahana o ka hāpana i 250 ° C ma lalo o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "wela".Hana ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana e like me ka hoʻolālā hana like me nā hoʻokolohua i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka pauku mua (Fig. 1a-1c).Hōʻike nā kiʻi SEM i ka topography e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka Fig. 1d–f.ʻO ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka laʻana i 250 C ke alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ʻano o LSFL, ʻo ke kuhikuhi o ia mea e like me ka polarization laser.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia mau hale e like me LSFL-II a loaʻa i kahi manawa spatial \(\Lambda _\mathrm {LSFL-II}\) o 247 ± 35 nm.ʻAʻole hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻailona LSFL-II i ka FFT ma muli o ke alapine kiʻekiʻe.I ka piʻi ʻana o \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\) mai ka 99.0 a i ka 99.67\(\%\) (Fig. 1d–e), ua hoʻonui ʻia ka laulā o ka ʻāpana ʻālohilohi, kahi i ʻike ʻia ai kahi hōʻailona DLIP. no nā alapine kiʻekiʻe.nā helu hawewe (nā alapine haʻahaʻa) a pēlā e neʻe ai i ke kikowaena o ka FFT.ʻO nā lālani o nā lua ma ka Fig. 1d paha nā mea mua o nā mea i kapa ʻia nā ʻāwī i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka LSFL-I22,27.Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka LSFL-II i ka pōkole a me ke ʻano like ʻole.E hoʻomanaʻo hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka awelika o nā ʻāpana ʻālohilohi me ka nanograin morphology i kēia hihia.Eia hou, ua emi ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o kēia mau nanoparticles i ka liʻiliʻi (a i ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea liʻiliʻi) ma mua o ka hoʻomehana ʻole.Ma ke ʻano kūpono, hiki ke loiloi ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā helu 1a, d a i ʻole b, e, kēlā me kēia.
I ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻoi aʻe i ka 99.67% (Fig. 1f), ua puka mālie kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma muli o ka ʻike ʻia o nā ʻauwai.Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia kēia mau ʻauwaʻa a emi ʻole ka hohonu ma mua o ka Fig. 1c.Hōʻike ka ʻokoʻa haʻahaʻa ma waena o nā wahi māmā a me nā ʻeleʻele o ke kiʻi i ka maikaʻi.Kākoʻo hou ʻia kēia mau hopena e ka hōʻailona nāwaliwali a hoʻopuehu ʻia o ka ordinate FFT ma Fig. 1f i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka FFT ma c.Ua ʻike ʻia nā striae liʻiliʻi ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā Kiʻi 1b a me e, i hōʻoia ʻia ma hope e ka microscopy confocal.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻokolohua mua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka polarization o ka kukuna laser e 90 \(^{\circ}\), ka mea i hoʻoneʻe ʻia ke kuhikuhi polarization e neʻe perpendicular i ke kahua hoʻonohonoho.Ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 2a-c i nā pae mua o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka hale, \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\) = 99.0% i ka wela ʻole (a), wela (b) a me ka wela 90\(^{\ circ }\ ) – Case me ka polarization wiliwili (c).No ka nānā ʻana i ka nanotopography o nā hale, ua hōʻike ʻia nā wahi i kaha ʻia me nā ʻāpana kala ma Fig.2d, ma ka pālākiō hoʻonui.
Nā kiʻi SEM o nā hale i hana ʻia me DLIP.Ua like nā palena kaʻina hana me ka Fig.1.Hōʻike ke kiʻi i ka laʻana wela \(T_s\), polarization a me ka pulse overlap \(o_\mathrm {p}\).Hōʻike hou ka hoʻokomo ʻeleʻele i ka hoʻololi ʻana o Fourier.ʻO nā kiʻi ma (d)-(i) ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā wahi i kaha ʻia ma (a)-(c).
I kēia hihia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo nā hale ma nā wahi ʻeleʻele o Fig. 2b,c he polarization sensitive a no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo LSFL-II14, 20, 29, 30. ʻO ka mea nui, ua hoʻololi pū ʻia ka orientation o LSFL-I ( Fig. 2g, i), hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka hōʻailona s-type i ka FFT pili.ʻOi aku ka nui o ka bandwidth o ka wā LSFL-I i ka wā b, a ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia kona laulima i nā manawa liʻiliʻi ma ka Fig. 2c, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana e ka hōʻailona s-type ākea.No laila, hiki ke nānā 'ia ka manawa kiko'ī LSFL ma ka hāpana ma nā mahana wela like 'ole: \(\Lambda _{\mathrm {LSFL-I}}\) = 418\(\pm 65\) nm ma 21 ^{ \circ }\ )C (Fig. 2a), \(\Lambda _{\mathrm {LSFL-I}}\) = 445\(~\pm\) 67 nm a me \(\Lambda _{\mathrm {LSFL-II }} \) = 247 ± 35 nm ma 250°C (Fig. 2b) no ka s polarization.Eia naʻe, ua like ka manawa kiko o ka p-polarization a me 250 \(^{\circ }\)C me \(\Lambda _{\mathrm {LSFL-I))\) = 390\(\pm 55\ ) nm a me \(\ Lambda_{\mathrm{LSFL-II}}\) = 265±35 nm (Fig. 2c).
ʻIke ʻia, hōʻike nā hualoaʻa ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka wela hāpana, hiki ke hoʻololi i ka morphology o ka ʻili ma waena o nā kiʻekiʻe ʻelua, me (i) kahi ʻili i loko o nā mea LSFL-I wale nō a (ii) kahi i uhi ʻia me LSFL-II.Ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o kēia ʻano LIPSS ma luna o nā ʻili metala e pili ana me nā papa okisa o ka ʻili, ua hana ʻia ka ikehu dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).Hōʻuluʻulu ka Papa 1 i nā hopena i loaʻa.Hoʻokō ʻia kēlā me kēia hoʻoholo ʻana ma o ka awelika ʻana i ʻehā spectra ma nā wahi like ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka hāpana i hana ʻia.Hana ʻia nā ana ma nā ʻano wela like ʻole \(T_\mathrm{s}\) a me nā kūlana like ʻole o ka ʻili hāpana i loaʻa nā wahi i kūkulu ʻole ʻia a i ʻole nā wahi i kūkulu ʻia.Aia i loko o nā ana ka ʻike e pili ana i nā papa i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia e waiho pololei ana ma lalo o ka wahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i mālama ʻia, akā i loko o ka hohonu komo electron o ka nānā ʻana EDX.Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua kaupalena ʻia ka EDX i kona hiki ke helu i ka ʻike o ka oxygen, no laila hiki i kēia mau waiwai ke hāʻawi i kahi loiloi qualitative.
ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻole ʻia o nā laʻana i ka nui o ka oxygen i nā mahana hana āpau.Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka laser, piʻi ka pae o ka oxygen i nā hihia āpau31.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa o ka haku mele ma waena o nā laʻana ʻelua i mālama ʻole ʻia e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no nā ʻāpana kila kalepa, a ua ʻike ʻia nā waiwai kalapona kiʻekiʻe loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka pepa ʻikepili a ka mea hana no ke kila AISI 304 ma muli o ka contamination hydrocarbon32.
Ma mua o ke kūkākūkā ʻana i nā kumu kūpono no ka emi ʻana o ka hohonu ablation groove a me ka hoʻololi ʻana mai LSFL-I a LSFL-II, hoʻohana ʻia ka mana spectral density (PSD) a me nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
(i) Ua hōʻike ʻia ka quasi-dua-dimensional normalized power spectral density (Q2D-PSD) o ka ʻili e like me nā kiʻi SEM ma nā Kiʻi 1 a me 2. 1 a me 2. No ka mea ua maʻamau ka PSD, pono e hoʻemi ʻia ka hōʻailona huina. ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hapa mau (k \(\le\) 0.7 µm\(^{-1}\), ʻaʻole i hōʻike ʻia), ʻo ia hoʻi ka maʻalahi.(ii) Hoʻohālikelike kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili.Hōʻike ʻia ka laʻana wela \(T_s\), overlap \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\), a me ka laser polarization E pili ana i ke kuhikuhina \(\vec {v}\) o ka neʻe ʻana o ka paepae hoʻonohonoho i nā ʻāpana āpau.
No ka helu ʻana i ka manaʻo o nā kiʻi SEM, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka awelika o ka mana spectrum maʻamau mai ʻekolu mau kiʻi SEM no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma o ka awelika ʻana i nā densities spectral mana hoʻokahi (1D) ma ke kuhikuhi x a i ʻole y.Hōʻike ʻia ka pakuhi pili ma ka Fig. 3i e hōʻike ana i ka neʻe pinepine o ka hōʻailona a me kona hāʻawi pili i ka spectrum.
Ma ka fig.3ia, c, e, ulu ka piko DLIP kokoke i \(k_{\mathrm {DLIP}}~=~2\pi\) (4.5 µm)\(^{-1}\) = 1.4 µm \ ( ^{- 1}\) a i ʻole nā harmonics kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o ka overlap \(o_{\mathrm {p))\).ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka amplitude kumu i pili me ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana o ka hoʻolālā LRIB.Hoʻonui ka amplitude o nā harmonics kiʻekiʻe me ka steepness o ka slope.No nā hana rectangular e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā hihia, pono ka hoʻohālikelike i ka helu nui o nā alapine.No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 1.4 µm\(^{-1}\) i ka PSD a me nā harmonics e like me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi no ke ʻano o ke awāwa.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ka Fig. 3(i)b,d,f, ʻo ka PSD o ka hāpana wela e hōʻike ana i nā piko nāwaliwali a ākea me ka liʻiliʻi o ka hōʻailona ma nā harmonics paʻa.Eia kekahi, ma ka fig.Hōʻike ka 3(i)f ua ʻoi aku ka lua o ka hōʻailona harmonic i ka hōʻailona kumu.Hōʻike kēia i ke ʻano DLIP ʻoi aku ka maʻamau a emi ʻole ka haʻi ʻana o ka hāpana wela (e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me \(T_s\) = 21\(^\circ\)C).ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻo ia ke piʻi ʻana o ka overlap \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\), e neʻe ana ka hōʻailona LSFL-I i kahi helu hawewe liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi).Hiki ke wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka piʻi ʻana o ka steepness o nā ʻaoʻao o ke ʻano DLIP a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka wahi i pili i ke kihi o ka incidence14,33.Ma hope o kēia ʻano, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hōʻailona LSFL-I.Ma waho aʻe o nā pali pali, aia kekahi mau wahi pālahalaha ma lalo a ma luna o nā piko o ka hale DLIP, e ʻae ai i kahi ākea o nā manawa LSFL-I.No nā mea hoʻoheheʻe loa, ua manaʻo pinepine ʻia ka manawa LSFL-I e like me:
ma kahi o \(\theta\) ka huina o ka ulu ana, a o na kaha kaha s a me p e pili ana i na polarization like ole33.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka mokulele o ka hanana no kahi hoʻonohonoho DLIP maʻamau e kū pololei i ka neʻe ʻana o ka paepae hoʻonohonoho, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma ke Kiʻi 4 (e ʻike i ka ʻāpana Mea a me nā ʻano hana).No laila, ua like ka s-polarization i ka neʻe ʻana o ke kahua, a ua kū pololei ka p-polarization iā ia.E like me ka hoohalike.(1), no ka s-polarization, ua manaʻo ʻia kahi pālahalaha a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka hōʻailona LSFL-I i nā helu hawewe liʻiliʻi.Ma muli o ka pi'i 'ana o \(\theta\) a me ka laulā angular \(\theta \pm \delta \theta\) i ka pi'i 'ana o ka hohonu o ka auwaha.Hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā piko LSFL-I ma Fig. 3ia,c,e.
E like me nā hopena i hōʻike ʻia ma ka fig.1c, LSFL\(_\mathrm {edge}\) 'ike 'ia ma ka PSD pili i ka fig.3ie.Ma ka fig.3ig,h hōʻike i ka PSD no ka p-polarization.ʻOi aku ka ʻokoʻa o nā piko DLIP ma waena o nā laʻana wela a me ka wela ʻole.I kēia hihia, ua uhi ka hōʻailona mai LSFL-I me nā harmonics kiʻekiʻe o ka piko DLIP, me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hōʻailona kokoke i ka nalu lasing.
No ke kūkākūkā 'ana i nā hualoa'a, ma ka Fig. 3ii e hō'ike ana i ka hohonu o ke kūkulu 'ana a me ka uhi 'ana ma waena o nā pu'upu'u o ka puunaue ki'eki'e laina DLIP ma nā wela like 'ole.Ua loaʻa ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili ma ka ʻawelike ʻana i ʻumi mau kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kū hoʻokahi a puni ke kikowaena o ka hale DLIP.No kēlā me kēia mahana i hoʻohana ʻia, piʻi ka hohonu o ka hale me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pulse.Hōʻike ka ʻaoʻao o ka laʻana wela i nā ʻāpana me ka mean peak-to-peak (pvp) waiwai o 0.87 µm no ka s-polarization a me 1.06 µm no ka p-polarization.ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike, s-polarization a me ka p-polarization o ka laʻana unheated hōʻike i ka pvp o 1.75 µm a me 2.33 µm, kēlā me kēia.Hōʻike ʻia ka pvp pili i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma ka fig.3ii.Ua helu ʻia kēlā me kēia awelika PvP ma o ka awelika ʻana i ʻewalu mau PvP hoʻokahi.
Eia kekahi, ma ka fig.Hōʻike ʻo 3iig,h i ka puʻunaue kiʻekiʻe p-polarization e kū pono ana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonohonoho a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻāwī.He hopena maikaʻi ke kuhikuhi o ka p-polarization i ka hohonu o ke awāwa mai ka hopena o ka pvp kiʻekiʻe iki ma 2.33 µm i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka s-polarization ma 1.75 µm pvp.ʻO kēia ka mea e pili ana i nā grooves a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana paepae kūlana.Hiki ke hana i kēia hopena ma muli o kahi hale liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano o ka s-polarization i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hihia o ka p-polarization (e nānā i ke kiʻi 2f, h), e kūkākūkā hou ʻia ma ka ʻāpana aʻe.
ʻO ke kumu o ka kūkākūkā ʻana e wehewehe i ka emi ʻana o ka hohonu o ke awāwa ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka papa LIPS nui (LSFL-I a LSFL-II) i ka hihia o nā laʻana wela.No laila e pane i kēia mau nīnau:
No ka paneʻana i ka nīnau mua, pono e noʻonoʻo i nā mīkini e pili ana i ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka ablation.No ka pulse hoʻokahi i ka manawa maʻamau, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka hohonu ablation penei:
kahi o ka \(\delta _{\mathrm {E}}\) ka hohonu komo ikehu, \(\Phi\) a me \(\Phi _{\mathrm {th}}\) ka holo hoopau ana a me ka fluence Ablation paepae, pakahi34 .
ʻO ka makemakika, ʻo ka hohonu o ke komo ʻana o ka ikehu ka hopena multiplicative ma ka hohonu o ka ablation, ʻoiai ka loli o ka ikehu he hopena logarithmic.No laila, ʻaʻole pili ka loli i ka \(\Delta z\) e like me ka lōʻihi o \(\Phi ~\gg ~\Phi _{\mathrm {th}}\).Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka oxidation (no ka laʻana, ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka chromium oxide) e alakaʻi i nā paʻa Cr-O35 ikaika i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā paʻa Cr-Cr, a laila e hoʻonui ai i ka paepae ablation.No laila, ʻaʻole māʻona hou ʻo \(\Phi ~\gg ~\Phi _{\mathrm {th}}\), e alakaʻi ana i ka emi wikiwiki ʻana o ka hohonu ablation me ka emi ʻana o ka mānoanoa o ka ikehu.Eia kekahi, uaʻikeʻia kahi pilina ma waena o ka moku'āina a me ka manawa o LSFL-II, hiki ke weheweheʻia e nā hoʻololi i ka nanostructure pono'ī a me nā meaʻike o kaʻili i hanaʻia e ka oxidation30,35.No laila, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻili kūpono o ka absorption fluence \(\Phi\) ma muli o ka dynamics paʻakikī o ka pilina ma waena o ka wā kūkulu a me ka mānoanoa o ka papa oxide.Ma muli o ka manawa, hoʻoikaika ikaika ka nanostructure i ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka kahe o ka ikehu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma muli o ka piʻi nui ʻana o ke kula, ka hauʻoli o nā plasmons o ka honua, ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka māmā a i ʻole ka hoʻopuehu ʻana17,19,20,21.No laila, ʻaʻole like ka like ʻole o ka \(\Phi\) ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻili, a ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa hou ka \(\delta _ {E}\) me hoʻokahi koena absorption \(\alpha = \delta _{\mathrm {opt} } ^ { -1} \approx \delta _{\mathrm {E}}^{-1}\) no ka leo holookoa kokoke i luna.Ma muli o ka nui o ka mānoanoa o ke kiʻi oxide i ka manawa paʻa [26], pili ka hopena nomenclature i ka mahana hāpana.ʻO nā micrographs optical i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi S1 i ka Mea Hoʻohui Hoʻohui e hōʻike i nā loli i nā waiwai optical.
Ua wehewehe hapa keia mau hopena i ka hohonu o ka auwaha papau ma ke ano o na hale liilii ma na Kii 1d,e a me 2b,c a me 3(ii)b,d,f.
ʻIke ʻia ʻo LSFL-II e hana ma luna o nā semiconductor, dielectrics, a me nā mea e pili ana i ka oxidation14,29,30,36,37.I ka hihia hope, he mea nui loa ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili okiside30.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka loiloi EDX i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā oxides ili ma ka ʻili i kūkulu ʻia.No laila, no nā laʻana i hoʻomehana ʻole ʻia, ʻike ʻia ka oxygen ambient i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā ʻāpana kinoea a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā oxides ili.He koʻikoʻi ko nā hanana ʻelua i kēia kaʻina hana.Eia naʻe, no nā laʻana wela, nā ʻokikene metala o nā ʻano hoʻokahe like ʻole (SiO\(_{\mathrm {2}}\), Cr\(_{\mathrm {n}} \)O\(_{\mathrm { m}}\ ), Fe\(_{\mathrm {n}}\)O\(_{\mathrm {m}}\), NiO, a pela aku) maopopo 38 ke kokua.Ma waho aʻe o ka papa oxide i koi ʻia, pono ke ʻano o ka subwavelength roughness, ka nui o ke kiʻekiʻe spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL), e hana i ka subwavelength (d-type) ikaika modes14,30.ʻO ke ʻano ikaika LSFL-II hope loa he hana ia o ka HSFL amplitude a me ka mānoanoa oxide.ʻO ke kumu o kēia ʻano, ʻo ia ka hoʻopili mamao loa o ka mālamalama i hoʻopuehu ʻia e ka HSFL a me ka kukui refracted i loko o ka mea a hoʻolaha i loko o ka mea dielectric surface20,29,30.ʻO nā kiʻi SEM o ka lihi o ke ʻano o ka ʻili ma ke Kiʻi S2 ma ka ʻāpana Mea Hoʻohui e hōʻike ana i ka HSFL mua.Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ʻia kēia ʻāina i waho e ka periphery o ka puʻupuʻu ikaika, e ʻae ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o HSFL.Ma muli o ka symmetry o ka puʻunaue ikaika, e hana pū ʻia kēia hopena ma ka ʻaoʻao scanning.
Hoʻopilikia ka laʻana wela i ke kaʻina hana LSFL-II ma nā ʻano he nui.Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka piʻi ʻana o ka laʻana wela \(T_\mathrm{s}\) i ka wikiwiki o ka paʻa ʻana a me ka hoʻolili ʻana ma mua o ka mānoanoa o ka papa hoʻoheheʻe26.No laila, ʻike ʻia ka wai o kahi laʻana wela i ka oxygen ambient no kahi manawa lōʻihi.Eia kekahi, hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kaʻina convective paʻakikī e hoʻonui i ka hui ʻana o ka oxygen a me nā oxides me ke kila wai26.Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka mānoanoa o ka papa oxide i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka diffusion (\(\Lambda _\mathrm {diff}=\sqrt{D~\times ~t_\mathrm {s}}~\le ~15\) nm) ʻO ka manawa coagulation e pili ana ʻo \(t_\mathrm {s}~\le ~200\) ns, a me ka diffusion coefficient \(D~\le\) 10\(^{-5}\) cm\(^ 2 \ )/s) Ua ʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe aʻe a koi ʻia paha i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o LSFL-II30.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pili pū ka hoʻomehana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o HSFL a no laila nā mea hoʻopuehu e pono ai e hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka LSFL-II d-type intensity mode.ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o nā nanovoids i paʻa ma lalo o ka ʻili e hōʻike ana i ko lākou komo ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o HSFL39.Hiki i kēia mau hemahema ke hōʻike i ke kumu electromagnetic o HSFL ma muli o ke koi ʻana i nā kumu hoʻohālikelike manawa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe14,17,19,29.Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka lōkahi o kēia mau ʻano hana ikaika me ka nui o nā nanovoids19.No laila, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ke kumu o ka piʻi ʻana o ka HSFL ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka dynamics o nā hemahema aniani e like me ka piʻi ʻana o \(T_\mathrm{s}\).
Ua hōʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ke silika he kī nui no ka intrinsic interstitial supersaturation a pēlā no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hemahema me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā dislocations40,41.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka molecular dynamics o nā metala maʻemaʻe i nā hakahaka supersaturate i ka wā o ka recrystallization wikiwiki, a no laila ke hoʻonui ʻia o nā hakahaka i nā metala ma ke ʻano like42,43,44.Eia kekahi, ua kālele ʻia nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua hou o ke kālā i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā poʻo ʻole a me nā puʻupuʻu ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hemahema kikoʻī45.No laila, hiki i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahana o ka hāpana \(T_\mathrm {s}\) a, no laila, hiki i ka emi ʻana o ka helu hoʻomaha ke hoʻopili i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā lua, ʻo ia ka nuclei o HSFL.
Inā ʻo nā hakahaka nā mea mua e pono ai i nā lua a no laila ʻo HSFL, ʻelua mau hopena o ka laʻana wela \(T_s\).Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, pili ka \(T_s\) i ka wikiwiki o ka recrystallization a, no laila, ka ʻike ʻana o nā hemahema kiko (vacancy concentration) i loko o ke aniani ulu.Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, pili ia i ka helu hoʻomaha ma hope o ka paʻa ʻana, a laila e pili ana i ka diffusion o nā hemahema i ka aniani 40,41.Eia kekahi, pili ka nui o ka solidification i ka crystallographic orientation a no laila he anisotropic nui, e like me ka diffusion o nā defects point42,43.Wahi a kēia manaʻo, ma muli o ka pane anisotropic o ka mea, lilo ka pilina o ka mālamalama a me ka mea i anisotropic, a laila e hoʻonui ai i kēia hoʻokuʻu manawa deterministic o ka ikehu.No nā mea polycrystalline, hiki ke kaupalena ʻia kēia ʻano e ka nui o ka palaoa hoʻokahi.I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o LIPSS ma muli o ka orientation palaoa46,47.No laila, ʻaʻole i like ka ikaika o ka hopena o ka laʻana wela \(T_s\) ma ka helu crystallization e like me ka hopena o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka palaoa.No laila, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa crystallographic orientation o nā kīʻaha like ʻole e hāʻawi i kahi wehewehe kūpono no ka piʻi ʻana o nā voids a me ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o HSFL a i ʻole LSFL-II, kēlā me kēia.
No ka wehewehe ʻana i nā hōʻailona mua o kēia kuhiakau, ua kālai ʻia nā laʻana maka e hōʻike i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka palaoa kokoke i ka ʻili.Ka hoohalike ana o na hua ma ka fig.Hōʻike ʻia ka S3 i ka mea hoʻohui.Eia hou, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo LSFL-I a me LSFL-II i nā hui ma nā laʻana wela.ʻO ka nui a me ka geometry o kēia mau pūʻulu pili i ka nui o ka palaoa.
Eia kekahi, hiki wale ʻo HSFL ma kahi ākea haʻahaʻa ma muli o kona kumu convective19,29,48.No laila, i loko o nā hoʻokolohua, loaʻa paha kēia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻaoʻao kukuna.No laila, ua ho'okumu 'ia ka HSFL ma luna o ka 'ilikai i ho'opa'a 'ole 'ia a i 'ole nawaliwali i ho'ohehe'e 'ia, i 'ike 'ia i ka ho'ohālikelike 'ana i nā hakina oxide o nā la'ana i mālama 'ia a i mālama 'ole 'ia (e nānā i ka papa kuhikuhi reftab: la'ana).Hōʻoia kēia i ka manaʻo e hoʻokomo nui ʻia ka papa oxide e ka laser.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka hoʻokumu ʻana o LIPSS i ka helu o nā pulu ma muli o ka manaʻo inter-pulse, hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā HSFL e nā hale nui aʻe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pulse19.ʻO ka HSFL liʻiliʻi maʻamau ka hopena i kahi kumu hoʻoikaika maʻamau liʻiliʻi (d-mode) pono no ka hoʻokumu ʻana o LSFL-II.No laila, i ka pi'i 'ana o ka po'i o \(o_\mathrm {p}\) (e nana i ke ki'i 1 mai ka de), e emi ana ka ma'amau o LSFL-II.
Ua noiʻi kēia haʻawina i ka hopena o ka wela o ka substrate ma ka morphology ili o ka laser structured DLIP i mālama ʻia i ke kila kila.Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka substrate mai 21 a 250 ° C ke alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka hohonu ablation mai 1.75 a 0.87 µm i ka s-polarization a mai 2.33 a i 1.06 µm i ka p-polarization.ʻO kēia emi ʻana ma muli o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano LIPSS mai LSFL-I a i LSFL-II, i pili pū me kahi ʻāpana ʻokiʻoki i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka laser ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.Eia hou, hiki i ka LSFL-II ke hoʻonui i ka paepae paepae ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka oxidation.Ua manaʻo ʻia i loko o kēia ʻōnaehana ʻenehana me ka puʻupuʻu kiʻekiʻe o ka pulse, ka awelika o ka ikehu a me ka awelika repetition rate, ʻo ka hanana ʻana o LSFL-II e hoʻoholo pū ʻia e ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka dislocation dynamics i hana ʻia e ka hoʻomehana hoʻohālike.Ua kuhi ʻia ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o LSFL-II ma muli o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka nanovoid pili i ka palaoa, e alakaʻi ana i ka HSFL ma ke ʻano he precursor i LSFL-II.Eia kekahi, ua aʻo ʻia ka mana o ke kuhikuhi o ka polarization i ka wā hoʻolālā a me ka bandwidth o ka wā hoʻolālā.ʻIke ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka p-polarization no ke kaʻina hana DLIP e pili ana i ka hohonu ablation.Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia kēia haʻawina i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā kaʻina hana e hoʻomalu a hoʻopaʻa i ka hohonu o ka ablation DLIP e hana i nā ʻano maʻamau.ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana mai LSFL-I a i LSFL-II ka wela loa a me ka piʻi liʻiliʻi o ka helu hoʻihoʻi ʻana e manaʻo ʻia me ka hoʻonui mau ʻana o ka pulse ma muli o ka piʻi ʻana o ka wela24.Pili kēia mau ʻano a pau i ka luʻi e hiki mai ana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana DLIP, no ka laʻana ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana scanning polygonal49.No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka wela, hiki ke hahai ʻia kēia papahana: mālama i ka wikiwiki o ka nānā ʻana o ka scanner polygonal i ke kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka nui laser nui, orthogonal i ka ʻaoʻao scanning, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ablation maikaʻi loa.fluence 28. Eia kekahi, ʻae kēia mau manaʻo i ka hana ʻana o ka topography hierarchical paʻakikī no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka DLIP.
I loko o kēia noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā papa kila kila kila (X5CrNi18-10, 1.4301, AISI 304) 0.8 mm mānoanoa.No ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia mai ka ʻili, ua holoi pono ʻia nā laʻana me ka ethanol ma mua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka laser (kūpono loa o ka ethanol \(\ge\) 99.9%).
Hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho DLIP ma ke kiʻi 4. Ua kūkulu ʻia nā laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana DLIP i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi 12 ps ultrashort pulsed punawai laser me ka nalu o 532 nm a me ka nui o ka repetition rate o 50 MHz.ʻO ka puʻunaue kikoʻī o ka ikehu beam ʻo Gaussian.Hāʻawi nā optics i hoʻolālā kūikawā i kahi hoʻonohonoho interferometric dual-beam e hana i nā hale laina ma ka hāpana.ʻO kahi lens me ka lōʻihi kiko o 100 mm e hoʻonui i ʻelua mau kukuna laser hou ma ka ʻili ma kahi kihi paʻa o 6.8\(^\circ\), e hāʻawi ana i kahi manawa spatial ma kahi o 4.5 µm.Hiki ke loaʻa ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua ma kahi ʻē aʻe50.
Ma mua o ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka laser, kau ʻia ka laʻana ma luna o kahi pā wela ma kahi mahana.Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka mahana o ka pā wela ma 21 a me 250 ° C.Ma nā hoʻokolohua a pau, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻauwaʻa transverse o ka ea compressed i hui pū ʻia me kahi mea hoʻopau e pale ai i ka waiho ʻana o ka lepo ma ka optics.Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana pae x,y e hoʻonoho i ka hāpana i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana.
Ua ʻokoʻa ka wikiwiki o ka ʻōnaehana pae hoʻonohonoho mai 66 a 200 mm/s no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi overlap ma waena o nā pulses o 99.0 a 99.67 \(\%\) pākahi.I nā hihia a pau, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka helu repetition ma 200 kHz, a ʻo ka mana awelika he 4 W, i hāʻawi i ka ikehu no ka pulse o 20 μJ.ʻO ke anawaena kukuna i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hoʻokolohua DLIP ma kahi o 100 µm, a ʻo ka hopena o ka ikehu laser peak he 0.5 J/cm\(^{2}\).ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu i hoʻokuʻu ʻia no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana ʻāpana, ʻo ia ke kiʻekiʻe kumulative fluence e pili ana i 50 J/cm\(^2\) no \(o_{\mathrm {p}}\) = 99.0 \(\%\), 100 J/cm \(^2\) no \(o_{\mathrm {p))\)=99.5\(\%\) a me 150 J/cm\(^2\) no \(o_{ \mathrm {p} }\ ) = 99.67 \(\%\).E hoʻohana i ka pā \(\lambda\)/2 e hoʻololi i ka polarization o ka kukuna laser.No kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā ʻāpana i hoʻohana ʻia, kahi ʻāpana ma kahi o 35 × 5 mm\(^{2}\) i kikokiko ʻia ma ka hāpana.Ua hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua i kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana ambient e hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻoihana.
Ua nānā ʻia ka morphology o nā laʻana me ka microscope confocal me ka hoʻonui 50x a me ka hoʻonā ʻike a me ke kūpaʻa o 170 nm a me 3 nm, kēlā me kēia.A laila loiloi ʻia ka ʻikepili topographic i hōʻiliʻili ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lako polokalamu loiloi ʻili.Wehe i nā ʻikepili mai ka ʻikepili ʻāina e like me ISO 1661051.
Ua hōʻike pū ʻia nā laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi microscope electron scanning ma kahi uila wikiwiki o 6.0 kV.Ua loiloi ʻia ke ʻano kemika o ka ʻili o nā laʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) i hoʻopili ʻia ma kahi voli wikiwiki o 15 kV.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohana ʻia kahi microscope optical me kahi pahuhopu 50x e hoʻoholo ai i ka morphology granular o ka microstructure o nā samples. Ma mua o kēlā, ua kālai ʻia nā laʻana ma kahi mahana mau o 50 \(^\circ\)C no ʻelima mau minuke i loko o kahi ʻeleʻele kila kila me ka waika hydrochloric a me ka ʻakika nitric o 15-20 \(\%\) a me 1\( -<\)5 \(\%\), kēlā me kēia. Ma mua o kēlā, ua kālai ʻia nā laʻana ma kahi mahana mau o 50 \(^\circ\)C no ʻelima mau minuke i loko o kahi ʻeleʻele kila kila me ka waika hydrochloric a me ka ʻakika nitric o 15-20 \(\%\) a me 1\( -<\)5 \(\%\), kēlā me kēia. Перед этим образцы травили при постоянной температуре 50 \(^\circ\)С в течение пяти минут в краске из нержавелющет слотами концентрацией 15-20 \(\%\) a me 1\( -<\)5 \( \%\) соответственно. Ma mua o kēlā, ua kālai ʻia nā laʻana ma kahi mahana mau o 50 \(^\circ\)C no ʻelima mau minuke i loko o ka pena kila kila me ka hydrochloric a me ka nitric acids me kahi ʻano o 15-20 \(\%\) a me 1\( -<\)5 \( \%\) pakahi.在此之前，样品在不锈钢染色液中以50 \(^\circ\)C 的恒温蚀刻五分钟，盐酸和硝酸\(1% 和硝酸) ( -<\)5 \ (\%\)，分别。在此之前，样品在不锈钢染色液中以50 \(^\circ\)C (\%\)，分别。Ma mua o ia mea, ua ʻohi ʻia nā laʻana no ʻelima mau minuke ma kahi mahana mau o 50 \(^\circ\)C i loko o kahi wai hoʻopaʻa no ke kila kila me kahi ʻano o ka hydrochloric a me ka nitric acids 15-20 \(\%\) a me 1 \.(-<\)5 \ (\%\) соответственно. (-<\)5 \ (\%\) pakahi.
Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi o ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻokolohua o kahi hoʻonohonoho DLIP ʻelua-beam, me (1) kahi kukuna laser, (2) kahi pā \(\lambda\)/2, (3) kahi poʻo DLIP me kahi hoʻonohonoho optical, (4 ) he pā wela, (5) he cross-fluidic , (6) x,y nā ʻanuʻu hoʻonohonoho a me (7) mau mea kila kuhiliʻole.ʻElua mau kaola i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i hoʻopuni ʻia me ka ʻulaʻula ma ka hema, e hana i nā hale laina ma ka hāpana ma nā kihi \(2\theta\) (me ka s- a me ka p-polarization).
Loaʻa nā ʻikepili i hoʻohana ʻia a/a i ʻike ʻia i ka noiʻi o kēia manawa mai nā mea kākau ma muli o ke noi kūpono.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jan-07-2023